Zástavní právo: Co to je a jak ovlivňuje koupi nemovitosti

When you buy a property, you think you’re getting the keys. But what if someone else has a zástavní právo, právo, které umožňuje věřiteli zadržet nemovitost jako záruku za dluh. Also known as zástavní zápis, it doesn’t disappear when the owner changes. It stays attached to the property like a shadow. Many buyers in the Czech Republic don’t check the land registry before signing anything — and end up paying tens of thousands for a problem they didn’t even know existed.

A hypotéka, nejběžnější forma zástavního práva, kdy banka zajišťuje svůj úvěr nemovitostí is usually expected — but other types of zástavní právo, například od soukromých věřitelů, stavebních společností nebo dokonce dětí po dědictví can sneak in unnoticed. A contractor might have registered a claim because they weren’t paid for renovation work. A relative might have claimed rights after a parent’s death. Even a small unpaid utility bill can turn into a legal lien if ignored long enough.

You can’t just trust the seller’s word. You need to check the land registry — and not just once. A rezervační smlouva, dokument, který zabezpečuje koupi před podpisem kupní smlouvy should always include a clause requiring the seller to clear all encumbrances before closing. If they don’t, you’re not just buying a house — you’re buying their debt. And in many cases, you’ll have to pay it off yourself to get clear title.

The good news? It’s fixable. But only if you catch it early. A simple land registry extract costs under 300 Kč. That’s cheaper than a coffee run. Yet people skip it because they think, "It’s just paperwork." But paperwork is what stops you from losing your deposit, your savings, or even your home.

Looking at the posts below, you’ll see how often people get burned by hidden claims — whether it’s a forgotten lien from a renovation, a disputed inheritance, or a creditor who never released the claim. We’ve collected real cases, real costs, and real solutions. No theory. No fluff. Just what you need to know before you sign anything.